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Stictocardia tiliifolia

(Desr.) Hallier f. (1893)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Solanales Family: Convolvulaceae Genus: Stictocardia

pilikai, stictocardia

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Lianas.

Stems: Stems herbaceous at tips, becoming woody with age, up to 5 m or more long.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades cordate to cordate–ovate, 8–25 cm long. Apex acute to short-acuminate. Base cordate. Surfaces glabrate; lower surfaces with numerous scattered pellucid–glandular dots. Margins entire. Petioles ca. ½ – 2/3 as long as blades. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers usually solitary, axillary, occasionally 1–3 in cymes, peduncles usually shorter than leaves. Flowers bisexual (perfect), actinomorphic, 5-merous. Calyx of 5 sepals; sepals subequal, suborbicular, 1–2 cm long, puberulent, becoming glabrate at maturity. Corolla reddish purple with a darker center, funnelform, 8–10 cm long. Stamens 5, distinct, included; filaments glandular pubescent at base, filiform above, inserted on corolla tube base alternate with corolla lobes; anthers oblong, dithecal, extrorse. Ovary superior, 2-celled; ovule placentation basal or basal-axile; style 1, longer than stamens, filiform, simple or bifid; stigma capitate, 2-lobed, the lobes globose.

Fruit: Capsules dark brown; indehiscent; globose; 2.5–3 cm long; surrounded by the calyx that eventually disintegrates; leaving the vascular framework. Seeds 1–4; grayish brown; obovoid; 8–9 mm long; pubescent with minute hairs.

Ploidy: 2n = 28; 30

Habitat: Cultivated and sparingly naturalized in dry; disturbed sites.

Elevation Range: 3–220 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

  • Yes

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Molokai Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 18: 159 (1893)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:564 (K, O, Mo, M, H); Staples & Herbst 2005:245 (KEY), 251 (DESCR)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Stictocardia tiliifolia East Maui, Haleakala National Park in Kaupo Denman parcel (Site DEN-6 Terrace) Preserved_Specimen Welton, P. 2551 Maui BISH 2021-04-01
2 Stictocardia tiliifolia Honakahou Valley Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 313 Maui BISH 1918-02-01
3 Stictocardia tiliifolia Maui Preserved_Specimen Topping, D.L. 6001 Maui BISH 1927-08-05
4 Stictocardia tiliifolia heiau of Mapulehu Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Molokai BISH 1910-03-01
5 Stictocardia tiliifolia Moanalua Valley Preserved_Specimen Bryan, W.A. 495 Oahu BISH 1903-12-13
6 Stictocardia tiliifolia East Maui, Nakula, near Hana Preserved_Specimen Tam, A. 22038 Maui BISH 1952-03-12
7 Stictocardia tiliifolia heiau of Mapulehu Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Molokai BISH 1910-03-01
8 Stictocardia tiliifolia Kipukai among algaroba trees Preserved_Specimen Alexander, A.M. 5336 Kauai BISH 1948-04-30
9 Stictocardia tiliifolia East Maui, Kaupo along road to ranch house; trailing over rocks and climbing in Leucaena scrub. Preserved_Specimen lower stems very stout, with brown bark Hobdy, R.W. 2336 Maui BISH 1985-04-09
10 Stictocardia tiliifolia ahupuaa of Halepuaa in the Puna District Growing in a fallow papaya field. Preserved_Specimen Kubo, R. 24 Hawaii BISH 1979-04-23
11 Stictocardia tiliifolia near Punaluu roadside in dry district Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 6013 Hawaii BISH 1926-07-01
12 Stictocardia tiliifolia Kailua; Low swampy area along Kailua Rd. just seaward of Kapaa Quarry Rd Rampant climber on Leucaena shrubs. Preserved_Specimen Vines cover many square meters. Old fruits brown, hanging below stems. Sap milky, flowers vivid-pink lavender, buds apparently swelling to open later today. No fragrance. Staples, G.W. 1132 Oahu BISH 1996-12-08
13 Stictocardia tiliifolia East Maui, Kaupo along road to ranch house; trailing over rocks and climbing in Leucaena scrub. Preserved_Specimen lower stems very stout, with brown bark Hobdy, R.W. 2336 Maui BISH 1985-04-09
14 Stictocardia tiliifolia Kailua, Auloa Rd and Pali Hwy jct, roadside along Pali Hwy where it crosses stream, just mauka (inland of) Auloa Rd. Maunawili area. Sunny location in steep bank below rd, going down toward freshwater swampy area along stream Preserved_Specimen Lianas to 10 m high in trees and prostrate on ground. Sap milky white; flowers open 11am, odorless; corolla funnelform, pink, darker inside tube; stamens and pistil white; fruits in all stages of development: young ones green, tightly enclosed in enlarged sepals; mature fruit pendent, black-brown, the sepals eroding away over months/years to leave network of vascular bundles, enclosing a blackish, indehiscent, glabrous, smooth fruit; seeds usually 4 per fruit, brownish fuzzy, esp on and around hilum; the hairs soon fall off Staples, G.W. 1564 Oahu BISH 2014-02-25
15 Stictocardia tiliifolia Kona Vine over fence at edge of coastal development. By kiawe and koa haole thicket Preserved_Specimen fruiting Austin, D.F. 7466 Hawaii BISH 1985-05-20
16 Stictocardia tiliifolia Kamokunui Gulch foothills Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 10795 Oahu BISH 1936-04-13
17 Stictocardia tiliifolia West Maui, Waihee, Maui Coastal Land Trust coastal wetland property south of Waihee Point Open Brachiaria meadow with scattered Pluchea indica, P. xfosbergii, Spathodea, Cyperus involucratus, Solanum americanum, Passiflora edulis, Ricinus communis, Syzygium cumini. Preserved_Specimen Common clambering vine. Flower tube purple, 3-4 in. long, 3.5 in. wide, throat dark purple, with light purple lines radiating to the opening. Imada, C. 200445 Maui BISH 2004-09-16
18 Stictocardia tiliifolia Koloa; E side of Lawai Valley; Camara property, adjacent to National Tropical Botanical Garden over shrubs in cattle pasture, secondary vegetation Preserved_Specimen Corolla purple pink, darker in center, ovary 4 (-3)-seeded. Lorence, D.H. 7204 Kauai BISH 1992-04-13
19 Stictocardia tiliifolia Haleakala, S slope, Nuu rough lava flow, bearing scattered trees and covered in places with vines, weeds, shrubs Preserved_Specimen flws lavender pink Forbes, C.N. 1908 Maui BISH 1920-03-09
20 Stictocardia tiliifolia Kailua, Auloa Rd and Pali Hwy jct, roadside along Pali Hwy where it crosses stream, just mauka (inland of) Auloa Rd. Maunawili area. Sunny location in steep bank below rd, going down toward freshwater swampy area along stream Preserved_Specimen Lianas to 10 m high in trees and prostrate on ground. Sap milky white; flowers open 11am, odorless; corolla funnelform, pink, darker inside tube; stamens and pistil white; fruits in all stages of development: young ones green, tightly enclosed in enlarged sepals; mature fruit pendent, black-brown, the sepals eroding away over months/years to leave network of vascular bundles, enclosing a blackish, indehiscent, glabrous, smooth fruit; seeds usually 4 per fruit, brownish fuzzy, esp on and around hilum; the hairs soon fall off Staples, G.W. 1564 Oahu BISH 2014-02-25
21 Stictocardia tiliifolia Pukoo climber along roadside Preserved_Specimen flowers purple Forbes, C.N. 354 Molokai BISH 1912-08-01
22 Stictocardia tiliifolia ahupuaa of Halepuaa in the Puna District Growing in a fallow papaya field. Preserved_Specimen Kubo, R. 25 Hawaii BISH 1979-04-23
23 Stictocardia tiliifolia 25 miles W of Volcano House, Kau, along main road in rocky pasture Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 6007 Hawaii BISH 1926-07-22
24 Stictocardia tiliifolia Mapulehu dry roadside Preserved_Specimen vine, throat magenta, limb becoming lighter Fosberg, F.R. 13525 Molokai BISH 1936-12-30
25 Stictocardia tiliifolia Kaupo, up from store rock fence Preserved_Specimen flws. lavender Austin, D.F. 7465 Maui BISH 1985-05-16
26 Stictocardia tiliifolia Kau; Punaluu along the Harbor Preserved_Specimen vine; flowers light purple with deeper purple throat and stripes Herbst, D.R. 5834 Hawaii BISH 1976-04-21
27 Stictocardia tiliifolia Koloa District; Halfway bridge area, halway between Puhi and Omao growing in moist-mesic forest Preserved_Specimen large vine, climbing to > 30 m up various tree species and overtop Megathyrsus maximus thickets; fruits woody, numerous Brock, K. 1049 Kauai BISH 2017-07-05
28 Stictocardia tiliifolia Mapulehu lowlands Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Molokai BISH 1915-05-01
29 Stictocardia tiliifolia Pukoo climber along roadside Preserved_Specimen flowers purple Forbes, C.N. 354 Molokai BISH 1912-08-01
30 Stictocardia tiliifolia ahupuaa of Halepuaa in the Puna District Growing in a fallow papaya field. Preserved_Specimen Kubo, R. 25 Hawaii BISH 1979-04-23
31 Stictocardia tiliifolia Kau; Punaluu along the Harbor Preserved_Specimen vine; flowers light purple with deeper purple throat and stripes Herbst, D.R. 5834 Hawaii BISH 1976-04-21
32 Stictocardia tiliifolia Low swampy area along Kailua Rd. just seaward of Kapaa Quarry Rd Rampant climber on Leucaena shrubs. Preserved_Specimen Vines cover many square meters. Old fruits brown, hanging below stems. Sap milky, flowers vivid-pink lavender, buds apparently swelling to open later today. No fragrance. Staples, G.W. 1132 Oahu BISH 1996-12-08
33 Stictocardia tiliifolia near Kamalo dry pasture Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 5993 Molokai BISH 1928-07-11
34 Stictocardia tiliifolia ahupuaa of Halepuaa in the Puna District Growing in a fallow papaya field. Preserved_Specimen Kubo, R. 24 Hawaii BISH 1979-04-23
35 Stictocardia tiliifolia National Park, Kalue, below Kaone abundant at sea level at base of pali Preserved_Specimen upper surface of leaves with sunken veins; fls. lavender Fagerlund, G.O. 654 Hawaii BISH 1943-06-17
36 Stictocardia tiliifolia upper Makua Valley dry rocky, partly shaded streambed Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 6018 Oahu BISH 1931-11-01
37 Stictocardia tiliifolia East Maui; along road to Keanae, Loila wet area, over trees and shrubs; kukui, Dioscorea, guava Preserved_Specimen Fls. 2-2.5 across, lavender-pink Pearsall, G.A. 30 Maui BISH 1955-12-23
38 Stictocardia tiliifolia Hanapepe River valley crawling over bushes beside trail, bottom of canyon Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 13508 Kauai BISH 1933-12-23
39 Stictocardia tiliifolia along the road to Keanae in wet area with kukui, Dioscorea. Over trees and shrubs Preserved_Specimen Pearsall, G.A. Maui BISH 1955-12-26
40 Stictocardia tiliifolia Kalaupapa; Kauhako crater, SW zone Preserved_Specimen twining herbaceous vine Wysong, M.L. 512 Molokai BISH 2004-12-07
41 Stictocardia tiliifolia Pukoo arid, rocky steambed Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 5989 Molokai BISH 1928-07-13
42 Stictocardia tiliifolia Mapulehu; H.S.P.A. Expt. Station roadside, climbing over brush Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 77 Molokai BISH 1936-12-27
43 Stictocardia tiliifolia East Maui, Nakula, near Hana Preserved_Specimen Tam, A. 22038 Maui BISH 1952-03-12
44 Stictocardia tiliifolia East Maui, Kaupo, below ranch headquarters along the road Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 2604 Maui BISH 1986-07-14
45 Stictocardia tiliifolia Kalaupapa; lighthouse, old heiau Preserved_Specimen vine Wysong, M.L. 761 Molokai BISH 2005-08-09
46 Stictocardia tiliifolia Nuuanu Valley Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. 27435542 Oahu BISH 1864-01-01
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